Proximal Humerus Fracture: AO Classification

Proximal Humerus Fracture: AO Classification

 

Proximal Humerus Fracture: AO Classification
Müller M, In: Manual of internal fixation, 118-125, 1988

 

A: Extra-articular unifocal fracture
    A1 Extra-articular unifocal tuberosity fracture
        .1 Gr Tuberosity, not displaced
        .2 Gr Tuberosity, displaced
        .3 associated with GH dislocation
    A2 Extra-articular unifocal impacted metaphyseal fracture
         .1 no frontal displacement
         .2 varus malalignment
         .3 valgus malalignment
    A3 Extra-articular unifocal non-impacted metaphyseal fracture
        .1 simple, angulated   
        .2 simple, translated
        .3 multifragmentary

B: Extra-articular bifocal fracture
    B1 Extra-articular bifocal fracture with metaphyseal impaction
        .1 Lateral and Gr tuberosity
        .2 Medial and lesser tuberosity
        .3Posterior and Gr tuberosity
     B2 Extra-articular bifocal fracture without metaphyseal impaction
        .1 without rotational displacement
        .2 with rotational displacement
        .3 multifrag metaphyseal with one of the tuberosities involve
    
B3 Extra-articular bifocal fracture with GH dislocation
        .1 Vertical cervical line, Gr Tuberosity intact, Ant-med dislocation
        .2 Vertical cervical line, Gr Tuberosity fracture, Ant-med dislocation
        .3 Lesser tuberosity fracture, posterior dislocation

C: Articular Fracture
    C1 Slightly displaced
        .1 cephalotubercular, valgus alignment
        .2 cephalotubercular, varus alignment
        .3 anatomical neck
    C2 Impacted and significantly displaced
        .1 cephalotubercular, valgus alignment
        .2 cephalotubercular, varus alignment
        .3 Transcephalic and tubercular, varus alignment
    C3 Dislocated
        .1 anatomical neck
        .2 anatomical neck and tuberosities
        .3 cephalotubercular fragments